growth factor β  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Long non-coding RNAs affect the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

doi: 10.3892/mco.2026.2940

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition model. (A) Micrographs of Huh7 cells treated with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β for 4 days. (B) Relative mRNA levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail and Slug in Huh7 cells treated with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β for 4 days. (C) In vitro migration of Huh7 cells treated with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β for 4 days. * P<0.05 vs. the control group. TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β.

Article Snippet: To induce the in vitro EMT cell model, Huh7 cells were cultured at 37 ̊C in DMEM with 2.5% FBS and 10 ng/ml TGF-β (cat. no. HY-P7118; MedChemExpress) for 4 days.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, In Vitro, Migration, Control

Journal: Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Long non-coding RNAs affect the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

doi: 10.3892/mco.2026.2940

Figure Lengend Snippet: DE lncRNAs and mRNAs in TGF-β treated Huh7 cells. (A) Volcano plot demonstrating DE lncRNAs and mRNAs. Red points represent upregulated RNAs, blue points represent downregulated RNAs and black points represent RNAs with no significant differences. (B) Hierarchical clustering analysis based on the significantly DE lncRNAs and mRNAs. Red indicates high relative expression levels, blue indicates low relative expression levels and white indicates no change in the gene expression levels. The color brightness indicates the extent of the upregulation or downregulation of the gene expression. TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; DE, differentially expressed; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; FC, fold-change; FDR, false-discovery rate.

Article Snippet: To induce the in vitro EMT cell model, Huh7 cells were cultured at 37 ̊C in DMEM with 2.5% FBS and 10 ng/ml TGF-β (cat. no. HY-P7118; MedChemExpress) for 4 days.

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Long non-coding RNAs affect the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

doi: 10.3892/mco.2026.2940

Figure Lengend Snippet: GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. GO term enrichment categories, including (A) molecular function, (B) cellular component and (C) biological process. (D) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; ECM, extracellular matrix; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; AGE-RAGE, advanced glycation end-products-receptor for advanced glycation end-products.

Article Snippet: To induce the in vitro EMT cell model, Huh7 cells were cultured at 37 ̊C in DMEM with 2.5% FBS and 10 ng/ml TGF-β (cat. no. HY-P7118; MedChemExpress) for 4 days.

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Long non-coding RNAs affect the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

doi: 10.3892/mco.2026.2940

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of the sequencing data using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. (A) Relative mRNA levels of COL1A1, BMP6, TUBA1A, ATP2B2 and F2 in Huh7 cells treated with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β for 4 days. (B) Relative lncRNA levels of NNMT-205, CASC15-204, UBASH3B-202, CAPN2-206, CAV2-214 and ZSWIM8-210 in Huh7 cells treated with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β for 4 days. * P<0.05 vs. the control group. lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β.

Article Snippet: To induce the in vitro EMT cell model, Huh7 cells were cultured at 37 ̊C in DMEM with 2.5% FBS and 10 ng/ml TGF-β (cat. no. HY-P7118; MedChemExpress) for 4 days.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Sequencing, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Partial EMT Drives Persistent Collective Migration via Collision Guidance in Heterogeneous Populations

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.07.714519

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Experimental design compares cells in untreated control with 7 day treatment with 1 ng ml −1 or 5 ng ml −1 TGF- β 1. Cells were then replated for live imaging. (b) Representative snapshots of cell velocity fields for all three conditions (green arrows). Cell cytoplasm is labeled in red (CellTracker Deep Red) and nuclei in blue (Hoechst). (c) Comparison of average cell velocity and correlation length for each experimental condition from 15-22.5 h. Elliptical contours illustrate the Gaussian summaries of the data distribution, constructed from the mean and covariance matrix. (d) Schematic and representative images for single cell trajectories reconstructed from optical flow. (e) Representative cell trajectories classified as slow and persistent, slow and random, fast and persistent, or fast and random. (f) Comparison of representative single cell trajectories for control relative to TGF- β 1 treatments, revealing distinct behaviors at early and later times.

Article Snippet: EMT was induced in MCF-10A cells using 1 ng/mL or 5 ng/mL TGF- β 1 (R&D Systems, 240-B002) in growth media.

Techniques: Control, Imaging, Labeling, Comparison, Construct, Single Cell

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Partial EMT Drives Persistent Collective Migration via Collision Guidance in Heterogeneous Populations

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.07.714519

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Representative cell trajectory, partitioned into three sequential time segments: T seg (i), 00:00–07:30; T seg (ii), 07:30–15:00; and T seg (iii), 15:00–22:30. (b) UMAP dimensionality reduction of 17 motility metrics for each 7.5 h segment (per trajectory) projected into two dimensions, and overlaid with illustrative single cell trajectory segments. UMAP1 correlates with fast to slow migration, while UMAP2 correlates with persistent to random migration. (c) Spearman correlation between UMAP components and 17 individual motility features. (d, e) Distribution of cell trajectory segment metrics from each experimental condition at time segments T seg (i) and T seg (iii) (Control, brown; TGF- β 1 1 ng ml −1 , gray; and TGF- β 1 5 ng ml −1 , mint). Kernel density distributions of each condition along the UMAP1 and UMAP2 components are shown in the top and right panels, respectively. (f) Centroids for each time segment and experimental condition in the UMAP projection. Arrows indicate the displacement of centroids between adjacent segments, revealing changes in motility behavior over time. (g) Pairwise overlap analysis indicating relative similarity between experimental conditions and time windows. Smaller values indicate greater differences in motility behavior. Temporal changes in representative motility features across time segments: (h) speed, (i) directionality, (j) velocity correlation, and (k) arrest coefficient. Each dot represents the mean value of the corresponding motility feature, and error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (SEM).

Article Snippet: EMT was induced in MCF-10A cells using 1 ng/mL or 5 ng/mL TGF- β 1 (R&D Systems, 240-B002) in growth media.

Techniques: Single Cell, Migration, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Partial EMT Drives Persistent Collective Migration via Collision Guidance in Heterogeneous Populations

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.07.714519

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Representative images of MCF-10A expressing Z-cad dual fluorescent reporter in untreated control relative to 1 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL TGF- β 1 treatments. (b) Distribution of EMT reporter color expression at 0, 9, and 18 hours after imaging in control vs TGF- β 1 treatment. (c) Representative cell morphologies defined as compact, elongated, or spread. (d, e) Distribution of cell color and morphology in the UMAP latent space at different time segments T seg (i);(d), T seg (iii);(e). Cell shapes are reconstructed from autoencoder-derived latent representations, while color indicates the average EMT reporter level computed over local grid regions in the UMAP space. Subpanels summarize color distributions and representative morphological features. (f) Pairwise overlap analysis indicating relative similarity in motility behavior between EMT reporter and experimental condition. (g, h) Centroids for each time segment for fluorescent reporter state and experimental condition. Arrows indicate the displacement of centroids between adjacent segments, revealing changes in motility behavior over time.

Article Snippet: EMT was induced in MCF-10A cells using 1 ng/mL or 5 ng/mL TGF- β 1 (R&D Systems, 240-B002) in growth media.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Imaging, Derivative Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Partial EMT Drives Persistent Collective Migration via Collision Guidance in Heterogeneous Populations

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.07.714519

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Ternary diagram showing the percent composition of fluorecent reporter expression(red, green, and uncolored) across experimental conditions. Orange circles: Control; gray squares: TGF- β 1 (1 ng mL −1 ); cyan triangles: TGF- β 1 (5 ng mL −1 ). (b) Heterogeneity index is a read out of how evenly the three EMT states are distributed, where 0 corresponds to equal percentages of each EMT state in the population and 1 corresponds a population wholly comprised of one EMT state. Box plots show median and interquartile range with overlaid individual data points. Pairwise comparisons were evaluated using Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests (*** p < 0.001). (c) Representative images of local color heterogeneity within a small region of interest. (d) Color heterogeneity in control or TGF- β 1 treatment condition. Horizontal lines indicate the median and interquartile range (IQR); dots denote individual cells. Statistical significance was assessed using Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons (*** p < 0.001). Density–heterogeneity maps of cell motility metrics; (e) speed and (f) velocity correlation. Data were binned along number of cells and color heterogeneity of each patch. Overlaid points represent individual measurements.

Article Snippet: EMT was induced in MCF-10A cells using 1 ng/mL or 5 ng/mL TGF- β 1 (R&D Systems, 240-B002) in growth media.

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Partial EMT Drives Persistent Collective Migration via Collision Guidance in Heterogeneous Populations

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.07.714519

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Schematic illustration of collective collision dynamics and experimental setup using a PDMS stencil to induce controlled collective collisions. (b, c) Mean migration speed of expanding direction and correlation length of expanding monolayer across TGF- β 1 pretreatment conditions ( n = 3 independent experiments). Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Welch’s unequal-variance t -tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Significance levels are indicated as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001. (d) Representative snapshots of monolayer expansion and collisions between distinct epithelial or EMT states. Kymograph of collective front and cell velocity for control-control collisions (e,f), TGF- β 1 (1 ng mL −1 )–control collision (g,h), and TGF- β 1 (1 ng mL −1 )–TGF- β 1 (5 ng mL −1 ) collision (i,j). Orange stars indicate the spatiotemporal position of collective collisions (k) Schematic of collision behaviors associated with arrest, deformation wave, and repulsion.

Article Snippet: EMT was induced in MCF-10A cells using 1 ng/mL or 5 ng/mL TGF- β 1 (R&D Systems, 240-B002) in growth media.

Techniques: Migration, Control